ABSTRACT
Los pacientes pediátricos oncológicos con frecuencia presentan lesiones orales debido a su neoplasia o como efecto colateral del tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la prevalencia de patologías de la mucosa oral en niños con cáncer que fueron hospitalizados y tratados con quimioterapia en el Hospital Regional de Concepción, en los años 1997 y 2007. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo longitudinal en datas de 148 pacientes (74 cada año) con patologías neoplásicas en tratamiento con quimioterapia (Leucemias, linfomas, tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central y otros), registrando sus datos generales y la patología bucal (mucositis (M), candidiasis (C), lesiones por Virus Herpes tipo 1 (VHS) y síndromes hemorragíparos (H) . Los datos se resumieron en tablas anuales y fueron sometidos a análisis estadísticos. Se encontró una disminución significativa del número de pacientes con patologías bucales en el año 2007 en relación al año 1997 (P<0.05, Tet de Fisher). Además se encontró una tendencia a la baja en los pacientes con candidiasis y con mucositis en el año 2007 en comparación con 1997. Es necesario seguir estudiando medidas para prevenir, diagnosticar y/o tratar tempranamente las patologías orales de los pacientes en tratamiento antineoplásico.
Pediatric oncology patients frequently have oral lesions due to malignancy or as a side effect of treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of oral pathologies in oncology patients hospitalized and treated at the Regional Hospital of Concepción, Chile, in the years 1997 and 2007. A retrospective study was carried out in 74 patients each year. Patients suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, central nervous system tumors, lymphomas and other neoplasms. General data (age, gender, oncologic disease) and presence of oral pathologies (candidiasis, mucositis post-chemotherapy, herpetic lesions and hemorrhage) were obtained from their clinical records. Data was analyzed for statistical differences. A significant reduction in the number of patients with oral pathologies was found in 2007 in comparison to 1997 (P<0.05, Fisher´s test). In addition, candidiasis and oral mucositis showed less prevalence in 2007 as compared to 1997, although no significant differences were found. For the relevance of oral pathologies in the chemotherapy it´s important to continue studies about prevention, early detection and treatment of oral pathologies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Mouth Diseases/chemically induced , Child, Hospitalized , Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology , Candidiasis, Oral/chemically induced , Chile/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/chemically induced , Longitudinal Studies , Leukemia/drug therapy , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Mucositis/epidemiology , Mucositis/chemically induced , Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prevalence , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
One hundred HIV positive patients were evaluated using a descriptive observational cohort study at the Foundation of Tropical Medicine in the State of Amazon (FMT-AM), from December 2007 to April 2008, in order to assess the occurrence of oral manifestations. Seventy patients were male (average age was 36.78 years) and thirty females (average age was 32.36 years). The most frequent oral manifestations of HIV were: oral candidiasis (54%) in its clinical types pseudomembranous, eritematous and angular queilitis; gingivitis (25%); periodontitis (18%); recurrent aphthous stomatitis (7%); hairy leukoplakia (5%); Kaposi's sarcoma (5%); cytomegalovirus (3%); herpes simplex (2%); Herpes Zoster (2%). Only 13% patients had no oral manifestations. These results indicate the importance of the knowledge on the most common oral lesions found in HIV positive patients and the importance of a thorough oral clinical examination in the course of HIV infection for early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Foram analisados através de um estudo de coorte observacional descritivo, 100 pacientes HIV/AIDS na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas (FMT-AM) no período de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008 com o objetivo de identificar as manifestações bucais desta doença. Setenta pacientes eram do gênero masculino, com média de idade de 36,78 anos, e trinta do gênero feminino, com idade média de 32,36 anos. As manifestações bucais mais freqüentes foram a candidíase (54%), nas formas pseudomembranosa, eritematosa e queilite angular, a gengivite (25%), a periodontite (18%), a estomatite aftosa recorrente (7%), a leucoplasia pilosa (5%), o sarcoma de Kaposi (5%), a infecção pelo citomegalovírus (3%), o herpes simples (2%) e o herpes zoster (2%). Apenas 13% dos pacientes não apresentaram qualquer manifestação bucal. Esses dados apresentados mostram a importância do conhecimento das lesões mais comumente encontradas no paciente HIV positivo, do exame clínico bucal minucioso para o diagnóstico precoce e assim poder planejar um tratamento bucal adequado.